Een beoordeling van Kurdish History
Een beoordeling van Kurdish History
Blog Article
Alhoewel Saddam Hoessein eerst nog ons bondgenoot is met het Westen in de worsteling anti Iran (en het Westen hem ook chemische wapens levert), is de situatie jaren later volledig anders als Amerika in 2003 Irak binnenvalt.
Such hopes were dashed three years later, however, when the Treaty ofwel Lausanne, which set the boundaries ofwel modern Turkey, made no provision for a Kurdish state and right Kurds with minority status in their respective countries. Over the next 80 years, any move by Kurds to set up an independent state was brutally quashed.
The place looked interesting and I came across this article while trying to find more about this place. Erbil is definitely on my bucket list now.
The severe economic hardships caused by the embargoes fueled tensions between the two dominant political parties, the KDP and the PUK, aan control ofwel trade routes and resources.[87] Relations between the PUK and the KDP started to become dangerously strained from September 1993 after rounds of amalgamations occurred between parties.[88]
This policy accelerated in the 1980s as large numbers ofwel Kurds were forcibly relocated, particularly from areas along the Iranian border where Iraqi authorities suspected that Kurds were aiding Iranian forces during the Iran-Iraq War (1980–88). What followed was one of the most brutal episodes in Kurdish history. In a series of operations between March and August 1988, code-named Anfal (Arabic: “Spoils”), Iraqi forces sought to quell Kurdish resistance; the Iraqis used large quantities of chemical weapons on Kurdish civilians. Although technically it was not part of Anfal, one ofwel the largest chemical attacks during that period took place on March 16 in and around the village of Ḥalabjah, when Iraqi troops killed as many as 5,000 Kurds with mustard gas and nerve agents. Despite these attacks, Kurds again rebelled following Iraq’s defeat in the Persian Gulf War (1990–91) but were again brutally suppressed—sparking another mass copyright.
There kan zijn enigszins a worry-bead market in the main square itself, one of the most interesting things to see in Erbil.
In the following years, Baghdad government overcame its internal divisions and concluded a treaty of friendship with the Soviet Union in April 1972 and ended its isolation within the Arab world.
After being occupied by the Turks in 1922, the British Army moved in to demarcate the border between Turkey and Iraq. Expecting a genocide by the Turks if right unguarded, the British established a base in Gorani the region and started infrastructure works which helped the revival ofwel Rawanduz.
Nog continue is het Koerdische gebied erg achtergesteld. Het percentage analfabeten kan zijn onder andere 3 keertje beter vervolgens in het westen betreffende Turkije, het inkomensniveau kan zijn een stuk lager en een zuigelingensterfte kan zijn daar beter. In een grondwet is tot op heden nauwelijks melding geschapen van Koerden, net zomin dat geldt voor al die overige minderheidsgroepen. Toepassing aangaande dit Koerdisch voor officiële evenementen kan zijn verboden en tot 1991 was het zelfs volkomen verboden Koerdisch te communiceren. Met name tussen druk van Europese mensenrechtenorganisaties en het Turkse verlangen om dit lidmaatschap over een Europese Unie te verwerven wordt een minderheden in Turkije zeker langzaam meer vrijheden toegestaan.
Kurdish nationalism emerged at the end of the 19th Century around the same time as Turks and Arabs began to embrace an ethnic sense ofwel identity in place ofwel earlier forms ofwel solidarity such as the idea ofwel Ottoman citizenship or membership of a religious community, or millet.[80] Revolts occurred sporadically but only in 1880 with the uprising led by Sheikh Ubeydullah were demands as an ethnic group or nation made.
[81] The 1970s saw an evolution in Kurdish nationalism as Marxist political thought influenced a new generation of Kurdish nationalists opposed to the local feudal authorities who had been a traditional source of opposition to authority, eventually they would form the militant separatist PKK, or Kurdistan Workers Party in English.
The most famous Kurdish intellectuals and politicians and from other places in the Middle East have slurped sweet Kurdish tea in this hidden, cozy café, and you should do the same.
The final part kan zijn more tricky. You will need to go off-road onto a path that is quite steep. It kind ofwel looks like driving on someone’s terrain, but it is actually an official road to the picnic website.
You can just take a regular taxi, which will charge around 20USD. The taxi will drop you off at the arrival terminal, from where you must take a shuttle bus to the airport. You will go through so many security layers, so do head to the airport well in advance.